FTPS（FTP+SSL）, ?5 m# D) N7 M$ f4 A/ ~
+ O# _) E# T" x/ c ftps是一种多传输协议，相当于加密版的FTP。当你在FTP服务器上收发文件的时候，你面临两个风险。第一个风险是在上载文件的时候为文件加密。第二个风险是，这些文件在你等待接收方下载的时候将停留在FTP服务器上，这时你如何保证这些文件的安全。你的第二个选择(创建一个支持SSL的FTP服务器)能够让你的主机使用一个FTPS连接上载这些文件。这包括使用一个在FTP协议下面的SSL层加密控制和数据通道。一种替代FTPS的协议是安全文件传输协议(SFTP)。这个协议使用SSH文件传输协议加密从客户机到服务器的FTP连接。
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6 G, k! `# f- K2 f8 k3 RFTPS是在安全套接层使用标准的FTP协议和指令的一种增强型TFP协议，为FTP协议和数据通道增加了SSL安全功能。FTPS也称作“FTP-SSL”和“FTP-over-SSL”。SSL是一个在客户机和具有SSL功能的服务器之间的安全连接中对数据进行加密和解密的协议。
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和sftp连接方法类似，在windows中可以使用FileZilla等传输软件来连接FTPS进行上传，下载文件，建立，删除目录等操作,在FileZilla连接时，有显式和隐式TLS/SSL连接之分，连接时也有指纹提示。
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安全：ftps ftp+ssl7 b- o4 |1 H0 }9 L9 ^# W
+ k0 s3 y7 L" w& D) Z7 O准备工作：6 [- w0 e, b( I+ r3 Q) Y# O1 z
) f0 h% K$ l' N9 z6 o4 O" A4 f% m准备一:关闭防火墙；! J; X0 ?- T/ y: t* B0 s& q
1 ]" g2 e* H, r6 d0 ~! n/ Y! X7 x7 J准备二：挂载光盘；/ N5 s1 ~, h% t' a+ ^( r: }
+ W% R% Q6 @( q l4 M3 Z; l准备三：构建本地yum服务器。# u; N7 }8 A( k, c3 C, R; X
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FTP+SSL配置详细过程:
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1 `) H$ L1 |1 p8 [. `①.安装配置FTP服务器和抓包工具：（ftp：192.168.101.210）; j% }- w8 [4 B; V! g
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[root@ftp ~]# yum list all |grep vsftpd( }: u& t! w9 b: E9 P4 n9 U
[root@ftp ~]# yum install -y vsftpd' f7 q% D! T' i( N! j
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[root@ftp ~]# yum list all |grep wireshark
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[root@ftp ~]# yum install -y wireshark% p% O+ S" v; l( x( ~
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[root@ftp ~]# useradd user1
; h7 N9 B4 t- l; J, t A7 u" w[root@ftp ~]# echo "123" |passwd --stdin user1
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0 z/ @3 c+ E( {[root@ftp ~]# service vsftpd start1 T5 S: p! j/ N' Z/ c q
7 m2 |' m2 Z+ j y% p- BStarting vsftpd for vsftpd: [ OK ]* q8 @$ g2 o0 X
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[root@ftp ~]# tshark -ni eth0 -R "tcp.dstport eq 21"( f% Y$ V8 c* Z8 r; n
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②.配置本地CA证书服务器：
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& L( V9 |2 _* Y[root@ftp ~]# cd /etc/pki/2 Z. k z/ L& A; V3 i
[root@ftp pki]# ll
# s, o$ J- o% w" _: A. `2 ][root@ftp pki]# vim tls/openssl.cnf6 l/ p& R( W9 i7 ]
45 dir = /etc/pki/CA
9 c0 \6 o! l2 L" Q j88 countryName = optional
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89 stateOrProvinceName = optional: s6 q, V, ?5 N, f1 W
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90 organizationName = optional
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[root@ftp pki]# cd CA/. Y( A. v" R/ m9 u: I% Q3 p: _
[root@ftp CA]# mkdir certs newcerts crl6 W; M7 H( b- k* ~6 i6 b |
[root@ftp CA]# touch index.txt serial
$ }8 g$ G* i8 T1 }[root@ftp CA]# echo "01" >serial
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6 g9 ]4 H- h* K# G' w[root@ftp CA]# ll
- C/ L9 r! ^2 @. {* ?- P6 d0 `[root@ftp CA]# openssl genrsa 1024 > private/cakey.pem
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Generating RSA private key, 1024 bit long modulus8 X3 D1 m5 t7 p9 t
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...........++++++
$ p& K) e1 z3 v5 X' A1 m2 _....++++++' r% I) n8 w% \+ l s% u
e is 65537 (0x10001)
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[root@ftp CA]# chmod 600 private/cakey.pem
/ e. [! u Z; y/ `1 H[root@ftp CA]# ll private/cakey.pem
4 U/ c, Y& ?: y) T3 X3 U% X-rw------- 1 root root 887 Feb 10 23:22 private/cakey.pem7 \3 H; s) k4 ?% S& M# e3 `
[root@ftp CA]# openssl req -new -x509 -key private/cakey.pem -out cacert.pem -days 36506 C5 I* H" I4 `+ G0 I
, v& A7 u' b# [6 E' e4 m tYou are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated8 S b+ o# L) |$ r# J
" |4 l# N- b0 _$ l) Ainto your certificate request.+ f" k5 L- z. i0 p; f& U: H
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What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.' I; M1 B" H' x1 I4 ]# N# a. `- x
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There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
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6 N5 F$ `8 e1 Q3 X- qFor some fields there will be a default value,+ `* X# x/ [+ e7 X& V0 X
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If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.7 K6 k6 q9 |+ I4 U* w5 e. O
4 A% z3 f/ t! ?-----! f | Q* L# ~% Z( Y: b2 m
Country Name (2 letter code) [GB]:cn# o$ b: K3 `- e( j. T
8 V! K X0 Y% t- N" b; H6 ~State or Province Name (full name) [Berkshire]:henan- G, C" j+ l+ J9 Y, c- }: h. X
% A* d' G- `4 F/ w RLocality Name (eg, city) [Newbury]:zhengzhou" \4 t/ x$ x2 K! b
) ?; [2 K0 q9 nOrganization Name (eg, company) [My Company Ltd]:junjie
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Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:soft
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) s. }1 y" M3 r* R) YCommon Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []:ca.junjie.com- {. I# ?8 A# D5 V3 h# A; F, F6 O
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Email Address []:[email protected]( Z" q( K: v! U
[root@ftp CA]#ll6 m7 J8 M2 M" v' C5 B& _8 ~2 f
③.为ftp服务器创建证书：
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[root@ftp CA]# mkdir /etc/vsftpd/certs: _# w( L5 ?' ?- J; S
[root@ftp CA]# cd /etc/vsftpd/certs' q o: ]6 ]: S9 |$ m% B- J
[root@ftp certs]# openssl genrsa 1024 >vsftpd.key0 Z3 |, d9 o# G" ]
Generating RSA private key, 1024 bit long modulus" ]3 {' w) V- u4 U0 D& u$ d
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....++++++
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e is 65537 (0x10001)6 l# q0 A& q ~: g/ `1 T" Y0 W8 ^
* |7 H/ }5 U- h3 t# `9 M[root@ftp certs]# openssl req -new -key vsftpd.key -out vsftpd.csr3 N& O2 H6 }3 O
3 T! k- `, d, B3 y6 ^: T; z' a7 E+ o5 dYou are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated; I- ~; v, I/ P9 O$ u) U8 b: n- U
% i0 Z3 a9 [% w1 n. ~into your certificate request.
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5 e& g. c! R" `# ]& W8 ^What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.- o' X" i0 ~5 t2 u
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There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank E0 E% X% X3 u4 O9 V. X
$ \$ _5 \$ O( o: |0 O+ aFor some fields there will be a default value,6 V! L4 a) c7 |( C
# W9 i+ }+ u& U# T; M1 {5 x4 mIf you enter '.', the field will be left blank.
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-----
8 D' a0 X! N9 i3 F2 ACountry Name (2 letter code) [GB]:cn2 m" p" U$ L d9 s% D f$ Q
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State or Province Name (full name) [Berkshire]:henan
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3 w. U- F% \6 J& g# F1 e2 c& WLocality Name (eg, city) [Newbury]:zhengzhou8 m/ f' C$ z/ P/ l2 O
' i+ x/ v( c3 DOrganization Name (eg, company) [My Company Ltd]:junjie( A: k1 ^' A, q" P: n
1 ?+ M% t5 U6 p4 x9 E8 `" X3 FOrganizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:ftp" f4 C. C: a: v6 _$ @/ C
! K! v. g" x. I9 z+ A3 F! `Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []:ftp.junjie.com; M3 |0 r8 u6 q
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Email Address []:[email protected]. {9 Q. N/ ~' R
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Please enter the following 'extra' attributes
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to be sent with your certificate request2 J4 X' a' Y1 _7 R1 A) R! H' _6 I
* I1 Q$ y$ f5 X7 L% \3 sA challenge password []:) h: w# F1 g2 R! ]; t
1 o- c' U; C) NAn optional company name []:
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[root@ftp certs]# openssl ca -in vsftpd.csr -out vsftpd.crt
1 c% ]+ ~6 y( A. MUsing configuration from /etc/pki/tls/openssl.cnf7 t9 @% L, H( s
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Check that the request matches the signature) _9 ?1 _) C, @/ t
/ |# @/ H7 E" `% Y' C" rSignature ok q1 A/ }/ ~1 b8 {; x- A2 e
Certificate Details:
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4 S# {+ E& A- o2 `' U% Q; ~; _( \ Serial Number: 1 (0x1)
# s& o: }0 s- A- V Validity
3 e1 x3 d% }% h% x2 a' ^/ K( K9 j Not Before: Feb 10 15:48:55 2012 GMT4 O2 P6 ^% v7 W( S- b
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Not After : Feb 9 15:48:55 2013 GMT; F8 o9 a& C- B, A
Subject:, t2 U5 {! y8 ~; |9 A* U5 P$ j
countryName = cn
+ W, c' l2 C5 R1 D/ Y( e stateOrProvinceName = henan+ e# z* D, m! ]: [* t, h+ M
organizationName = junjie) [( c) e1 d7 e4 ]" l( O- F7 a
organizationalUnitName = ftp+ w" o! |# q6 Q
commonName = ftp.junjie.com' D8 v1 z2 M) f0 C+ L; _
emailAddress = [email protected]. E4 {' ~* V1 Q5 E* I$ E& {4 m; P
X509v3 extensions:5 r& S" R% D0 B! E
X509v3 Basic Constraints:
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Netscape Comment:* m z8 ?. m4 G, L) V
OpenSSL Generated Certificate
) E1 X* F, G; T/ W3 i X509v3 Subject Key Identifier:0 F: S2 H& `3 }, L' r
33:C5:01:33:A5:CF:42:9F:24:A9:0D:E9:41:8E:26:C3:1B:7B:18:11
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X509v3 Authority Key Identifier:
5 f* _2 c0 E7 ^ M. Y+ F1 S2 q+ q2 T keyid:50 1:A8:0A:1F:B7:CD:49:94:69:E3:70:E9:AE:93:73:2C:94:66:AC
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Certificate is to be certified until Feb 9 15:48:55 2013 GMT (365 days)3 C; ~+ _7 w, ~* U
% T9 Z7 }' X& \) V5 t& ]& r4 _4 ASign the certificate? [y/n]:y
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1 out of 1 certificate requests certified, commit? [y/n]y/ [( [+ _( i; ^. X9 b
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Write out database with 1 new entries6 y6 t1 X6 F6 H/ ?# L5 D
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Data Base Updated
" N7 ~5 f1 g# R$ m+ Q2 J[root@ftp certs]# ll
: z3 Y" L7 b2 t9 }9 q+ D[root@ftp certs]# chmod 600 *, B d1 _, d# f+ k& y. w" X6 n* D
[root@ftp certs]# ll5 r& R, ?& O4 w8 O0 K
④.使ftp服务应用证书：
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[root@ftp certs]# cd /etc/vsftpd/
& ?: ]* r- p2 L5 p' B5 @" i: k: e[root@ftp vsftpd]# vim vsftpd.conf #增加以下内容
' ?: Y& b0 _4 l) K' I0 z3 [+ P118 rsa_cert_file=/etc/vsftpd/certs/vsftpd.crt
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119 rsa_private_key_file=/etc/vsftpd/certs/vsftpd.key8 C! S8 k# C! K. O8 {" @1 C
, f6 o8 w* r6 ?7 j/ O120 force_local_data_ssl=YES
/ G5 Q9 [. ^3 ?$ B1 w2 f; A121 force_local_logins_ssl=YES! g/ j" d: b Y- ^7 J* ?# B ]
122 ssl_enable=YES
" ^6 c9 h7 O, M, [0 z, k! z123 ssl_sslv2=YES
$ Z/ d7 s; }4 G D124 ssl_sslv3=YES
0 Q7 U1 Y# ?- | Z0 y" z125 ssl_tlsv1=YES
% N, n2 T6 ]0 K[root@ftp vsftpd]# service vsftpd restart
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8 Z2 V/ G5 x' ~( _) M* uShutting down vsftpd: [ OK ]; {# Z: f1 z( m1 T" E
Starting vsftpd for vsftpd: [ OK ]
; [. o3 s9 ?3 e5 t* `5 f6 g⑤客户端测试（已加密传输）：% N D) D; M( i3 x) P/ v5 E& s
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从上面看出证书名称出现问题，但可是可以使用！选择接收一次！
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该次登录抓包内容如下所示：传输已经经过加密！
$ a4 @7 ?1 O9 y& k, g; r[root@ftp ~]# tshark -ni eth0 -R "tcp.dstport eq 21"" v5 f) u, P' c: h4 g; E# V
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0 N( W4 {( Q( Q$ t* k* R1 M[root@ftp ~]# tshark -ni eth0 -R "tcp.dstport eq 21"# M& o' h5 [3 b5 p
8 W9 O* n, U( gRunning as user "root" and group "root". This could be dangerous.
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1 x3 u. m W9 uCapturing on eth0
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9.742109 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 TCP 52572 > 21 [SYN] Seq=0 Win=8192 Len=0 MSS=1460 WS=2
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' j4 A3 y2 \' }9 N L3 m 9.742144 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 TCP 52572 > 21 [ACK] Seq=1 Ack=1 Win=65700 Len=0
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7 ~: S0 b6 \" I4 { 9.747458 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 FTP Request: AUTH SSL' w7 I4 j+ l7 a6 \# U Y! S6 Z
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9.755605 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 FTP Request: \200\310\001\003\001\000\237\000\000\000 \000\300\024\000\300- S' Y. K" J# [6 p
; |0 S$ u2 K0 [4 m7 ~; h! t# n 9.758795 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 FTP Request: \026\003\001\000\206\020\000\000\202\000\200n\257\315\204\324o
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9.778662 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 FTP Request: \027\003\001\000\030\215\325t\357\277\001\376FZ\243D\373\003\367\231\207Q\324\003Q}/\335\025\027\003\001\000 \f\355b\270\355\325\020[\372\302s{^\375\307\364C\307\243\251v9\370\364\260\277\253\317\321gB]& D0 U$ q7 p o& e- `! ` |9 E
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9.779885 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 FTP Request: \027\003\001\000\030\324\000\267\312\0320\213\266y\311\025[\371\275?\254Y\257\024[\245vjM\027\003\001\000(\236\321\221Z\321Z(\316'\343.\235?\321=8\264b\270(j\336\231\210\265\207K\223A\037"\277\251\252t\252a`\374
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" H. s& g2 l- f2 n8 a 9.782153 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 FTP Request: \027\003\001\000\030\257d\313mXZT\356\2366\334q\223\017gt\371\232\207\226\325 X7 a" z% A( Y6 c5 j
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9.793165 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 FTP Request: \027\003\001\000\0301\020S\237\372\210\004N4\370\366\377\2213m\356\233w:\275)>@%\027\003\001\000 Y\032\275BM=3J\313\240\241\372Z\371@\335\262\252\240\235\021\345\271\305\223\211\020\340\332\323Q\251% a7 y8 u$ ~9 ]5 }# K1 Q+ H
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9.795630 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 FTP Request: \027\003\001\000\030\302\016=LR\272\030{\034\277V\256]\230\247\363\355M\241\327U\207k\032\027\003\001\000 OYi\216=S\322\212)\271V\016\2519w\332f\213\222S\244\275M\316\025N\302:k\312b\331
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( j3 _2 I- l- w6 ]$ G) N 9.796727 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 TCP 52572 > 21 [ACK] Seq=741 Ack=1260 Win=64440 Len=0$ [/ L( E4 ?& e6 d3 Q
1 [. e" P1 N0 O4 u 9.797542 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 TCP 52572 > 21 [ACK] Seq=741 Ack=1334 Win=64364 Len=0: I1 p/ a; Q1 M3 W
) E! a/ C8 {: z( s 9.798327 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 TCP 52572 > 21 [ACK] Seq=741 Ack=1408 Win=64292 Len=0
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- ~5 Q( n, v2 a 9.798775 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 TCP 52572 > 21 [ACK] Seq=741 Ack=1482 Win=65700 Len=0+ x/ `* E$ ^+ L5 E. v1 @- u# }* q- H5 B p
5 ^0 S' E/ }0 e$ T& ~ 9.799387 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 TCP 52572 > 21 [ACK] Seq=741 Ack=1564 Win=65616 Len=03 n N5 u' C1 J5 l( u" l7 Y
( N0 Y) F* {: x5 {0 f/ d 9.799910 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 TCP 52572 > 21 [ACK] Seq=741 Ack=1638 Win=65544 Len=07 D& X: i2 \4 Q9 P& X( U) O; d
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9.805078 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 FTP Request: \027\003\001\000\030G}\305\210\021s\244q\023k=\345R\232A\366B\360\202\320\361(x\344\027\003\001\000 \351W\350\377\362\2756\334\303\035+1l|{\304\277\224\326n\036d\213\217\b\216\023N\225\003a\274, Y) S+ Q& r Q9 a- t- e5 b- N
' H9 A8 F: l7 R a 9.810763 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 FTP Request: \027\003\001\000\030\203\354F\302\253\205\212\355\334$\321=\303h\276\302\350\320.\346\223\337BG\027\003\001\000 73\027\372#\232
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9.813350 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 FTP Request: \027\003\001\000\030\203x`k\337RM\341w\022N\255|f\260U ?\354)A\301^\251\027\003\001\000 \031`\366\364He\030\266z)\373\265\237\261\3430\220\331\340Kv[\033\347\tXj\344\314\236\242! V, s) f: E! m$ m6 h* S
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9.814073 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 FTP Request: \027\003\001\000\030\307\2126sY\a\237\034\321\277!j\320\213\235\032\277e\345\361E>|)\027\003\001\000 \256\304}:-\365\034\aD~\fk`]\314\b\207\365-\217\305\2446 r/ S8 F, s. \
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9.838659 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 FTP Request: \027\003\001\000\030\300\272t&\t(\262\243\361\210\263\343\326\261\017$\317V\002\354\325\271\250\366\027\003\001\000 \350F\305\360\363\365\033\274W\207M\006\216\255\016\365\205z\033\002\032B\345,\3712\034\377\327[\272P
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# `8 P7 ]1 Q% r& {; }9 y 9.851675 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 TCP 52572 > 21 [ACK] Seq=1071 Ack=2041 Win=65140 Len=06 ^8 O/ f" h( v
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9.856073 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 FTP Request: \027\003\001\000\030\f\357\000E/\372\333\247\016\344\315\345\346\271L\327\214CE0*i\316\332\027\003\001\000(8\220\341\316.*\234dM\235
1 x2 @- x; p, r* a1 r, p* f( \, h0 ^, }1 Q+ D5 Y/ M% w
10.061779 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 TCP 52572 > 21 [ACK] Seq=1145 Ack=2094 Win=65088 Len=0. N* F1 N* W0 D# E, @. u8 W
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39.978110 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 FTP Request: \027\003\001\000\030=\032\322\022\216B\025O\016\034
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39.980672 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 TCP 52572 > 21 [FIN, ACK] Seq=1211 Ack=2139 Win=65040 Len=0$ ^7 H: n) c* E7 s3 V, ]2 F
. k* s' g( u" n9 \. h, Z7 ] 39.980725 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 TCP 52572 > 21 [RST, ACK] Seq=1212 Ack=2149 Win=0 Len=0
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27 packets captured/ z9 t% o+ w# x2 Z+ V8 r
: P. _. s) [: n! t: N: U[root@ftp ~]# |
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发表于 2013-1-22 22:31:55