FTPS（FTP+SSL）
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ftps是一种多传输协议，相当于加密版的FTP。当你在FTP服务器上收发文件的时候，你面临两个风险。第一个风险是在上载文件的时候为文件加密。第二个风险是，这些文件在你等待接收方下载的时候将停留在FTP服务器上，这时你如何保证这些文件的安全。你的第二个选择(创建一个支持SSL的FTP服务器)能够让你的主机使用一个FTPS连接上载这些文件。这包括使用一个在FTP协议下面的SSL层加密控制和数据通道。一种替代FTPS的协议是安全文件传输协议(SFTP)。这个协议使用SSH文件传输协议加密从客户机到服务器的FTP连接。
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FTPS是在安全套接层使用标准的FTP协议和指令的一种增强型TFP协议，为FTP协议和数据通道增加了SSL安全功能。FTPS也称作“FTP-SSL”和“FTP-over-SSL”。SSL是一个在客户机和具有SSL功能的服务器之间的安全连接中对数据进行加密和解密的协议。
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和sftp连接方法类似，在windows中可以使用FileZilla等传输软件来连接FTPS进行上传，下载文件，建立，删除目录等操作,在FileZilla连接时，有显式和隐式TLS/SSL连接之分，连接时也有指纹提示。9 @8 u2 e5 O7 O6 A
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8 Q2 U9 m8 l& @& L安全：ftps ftp+ssl5 K& M% [% A$ X7 K* M
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准备工作：
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准备一:关闭防火墙；. {0 S) u& {+ G# G
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准备二：挂载光盘；
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准备三：构建本地yum服务器。& q3 V, J9 j9 ~& |, E8 t6 A# V
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FTP+SSL配置详细过程:5 Z& B3 e: j: P# l! `# q# K% ^
0 q: h- ]7 {8 z3 w+ W. ~8 a! D①.安装配置FTP服务器和抓包工具：（ftp：192.168.101.210）0 b* h5 f8 s/ f; E, u& w
, x, }9 q* n; z[root@ftp ~]# yum list all |grep vsftpd
" T8 N1 Z! h$ g o; N[root@ftp ~]# yum install -y vsftpd
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; r* U6 [+ f& ~& e[root@ftp ~]# yum list all |grep wireshark# }) p' l' Y0 G) m1 l! i
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[root@ftp ~]# yum install -y wireshark
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5 f( |9 b) N* w' E[root@ftp ~]# useradd user14 v2 c; y, P; ]0 g) r
[root@ftp ~]# echo "123" |passwd --stdin user1
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[root@ftp ~]# service vsftpd start
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2 L+ j, ~5 M5 \2 X# DStarting vsftpd for vsftpd: [ OK ]
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- b: e2 p) B- J6 s$ T[root@ftp ~]# tshark -ni eth0 -R "tcp.dstport eq 21") k3 H2 h W3 J5 T% v+ F/ ]. T
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/ ?4 s3 |; M% |% T/ ]* d②.配置本地CA证书服务器：: d2 d+ Z6 r% R; L- K; @ D" B( c
5 p5 q, d( d: p" g% s[root@ftp ~]# cd /etc/pki/
. d, N6 w: x/ f: o9 O[root@ftp pki]# ll# `' ^' ` I" l" E& ^
[root@ftp pki]# vim tls/openssl.cnf+ H! K1 M# {2 \9 j* \- B8 S2 S
45 dir = /etc/pki/CA
( l& \# P2 k9 z, ]5 b% L% O( C3 ^88 countryName = optional4 P5 l3 V' D7 ^+ ]1 B# H7 i
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89 stateOrProvinceName = optional
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90 organizationName = optional# j4 V$ d Q4 m$ K6 A2 m; M
' p6 K" I6 h4 G8 H: ?[root@ftp pki]# cd CA/
7 W+ E5 x9 H7 |6 x[root@ftp CA]# mkdir certs newcerts crl) w/ H& e, M' B. v
[root@ftp CA]# touch index.txt serial
7 `$ G; P% C6 S1 n4 r& X# n[root@ftp CA]# echo "01" >serial- J1 d) R% D1 Q: x7 a
, l2 Z9 H( v2 O' B: B) e' k* U[root@ftp CA]# ll& A' ~8 o% U l$ D! C. f J+ _* G
[root@ftp CA]# openssl genrsa 1024 > private/cakey.pem
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Generating RSA private key, 1024 bit long modulus! Y9 f6 O0 x4 F1 @+ }2 A
4 E& R$ [7 b& k...........++++++( X; \3 A- @/ o7 W2 |; }
....++++++9 }, e* k/ |' z4 ~
e is 65537 (0x10001)
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. d* U8 _2 [3 e- `! G& f[root@ftp CA]# chmod 600 private/cakey.pem
4 B1 L3 A0 M. C0 k8 G[root@ftp CA]# ll private/cakey.pem. M1 v9 ` @0 D6 z$ |& U0 ]+ w) |7 O9 Q
-rw------- 1 root root 887 Feb 10 23:22 private/cakey.pem5 N: ~ p- W2 f1 p3 k8 J
[root@ftp CA]# openssl req -new -x509 -key private/cakey.pem -out cacert.pem -days 36508 l. D7 U0 s0 [- {/ ^
- V/ y5 m& u" Z7 _- BYou are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
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into your certificate request.8 D+ o; Y. P, h( V5 j; E. A( \
' {: ?) n9 ?( z/ [" G' C; CWhat you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.+ t2 H" X4 h0 x
6 k, H- G( ^$ n" f5 g( oThere are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
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* D" K2 @! H" K7 d3 g( o; u9 JFor some fields there will be a default value,
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9 o8 r% A6 m9 q( K$ |If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.
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-----
" v# J3 S2 J, r# I4 o) H) `Country Name (2 letter code) [GB]:cn: p& ?( B( r' J& o
$ Y5 a. i; z! {State or Province Name (full name) [Berkshire]:henan/ e" C3 N) u+ a# d4 j5 \: j: L
6 E" l4 n% O' m! H sLocality Name (eg, city) [Newbury]:zhengzhou
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8 y- H+ V3 Q/ r H: g5 @1 I) kOrganization Name (eg, company) [My Company Ltd]:junjie
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Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:soft
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Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []:ca.junjie.com
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) Y- `! o. Y! A1 }$ nEmail Address []:[email protected]$ _" w7 H& p4 j! G! c
[root@ftp CA]#ll
1 ~, @ Y) D2 c9 W& Y5 n* v③.为ftp服务器创建证书：
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' w! e, j* R/ U8 ~& D4 m[root@ftp CA]# mkdir /etc/vsftpd/certs
- F6 u3 \6 d& D[root@ftp CA]# cd /etc/vsftpd/certs s9 P3 \- u; r. S" u! \
[root@ftp certs]# openssl genrsa 1024 >vsftpd.key
, L: k1 ^$ V- x2 W! ` AGenerating RSA private key, 1024 bit long modulus
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- i. K& N! x/ A; K& n$ V....++++++0 d/ ~8 d5 q5 ]* m6 ]
...++++++$ J6 C( w3 b8 ^+ g( U6 S
e is 65537 (0x10001)
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[root@ftp certs]# openssl req -new -key vsftpd.key -out vsftpd.csr
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6 X5 m) J! E( [' \5 o$ _& M( EYou are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
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into your certificate request.
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. U+ E0 p" x nWhat you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
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0 K' u. A& k- K! z. G" zThere are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
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9 B7 p& h" _4 I, t& `For some fields there will be a default value,' s/ X) v( [$ \: q8 J* s1 G
$ \8 W. {/ |6 `If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.5 }+ Z3 T% M# U3 i U. e% _
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Country Name (2 letter code) [GB]:cn
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) v6 ]# e8 b2 LState or Province Name (full name) [Berkshire]:henan0 p/ v) K9 M1 H! k+ w4 Y& j( g/ v
9 @6 w4 U- Y2 ~9 f3 C& l4 T. cLocality Name (eg, city) [Newbury]:zhengzhou) P, ?! L6 b) N) C# f
" l ?7 V) O9 M POrganization Name (eg, company) [My Company Ltd]:junjie7 U0 ?7 E7 X( U: A( ?3 d/ _
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Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:ftp
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r) q; ^0 [; I' ~8 I3 o+ cCommon Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []:ftp.junjie.com
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Email Address []:[email protected]( a, |0 b4 _- j2 J4 U5 Q3 c
m9 `6 [% v. A pPlease enter the following 'extra' attributes
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to be sent with your certificate request1 I8 C% H2 t2 ^3 B& H8 w5 x
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A challenge password []:) |1 ?# ~) `- w/ q% h' C
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[root@ftp certs]# openssl ca -in vsftpd.csr -out vsftpd.crt( z8 h7 a( ?; r% f) r% z; V
Using configuration from /etc/pki/tls/openssl.cnf
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Check that the request matches the signature
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: ~0 Y% M& C, A# U5 A2 ?Signature ok' N: z( P/ E+ t
Certificate Details:
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Serial Number: 1 (0x1)
) ~* k6 P# j0 ? Validity
G7 ?! O( Y6 x Not Before: Feb 10 15:48:55 2012 GMT
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Not After : Feb 9 15:48:55 2013 GMT" a0 a2 H$ P5 ~0 w; Y0 o
Subject:
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8 }" ^ J0 Y1 N7 D/ ?8 s stateOrProvinceName = henan
I" `% z6 u7 `$ T8 ^+ _( Q organizationName = junjie
' i% x, Y; C ~; O6 v8 z- m' h organizationalUnitName = ftp
1 X+ ~1 i; `" Y/ F: _5 q. U5 z7 g commonName = ftp.junjie.com: D( r* a- w: | |7 Q8 t! R* `
emailAddress = [email protected]. o5 d) l4 I- j" ~" q% _! W
X509v3 extensions:" B& \2 G3 z$ {" ^, \
X509v3 Basic Constraints:
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Netscape Comment:" ?# o1 F' K5 {) C6 x5 Q- H" z
OpenSSL Generated Certificate: V% W8 F7 c& m0 Q* i9 Q6 U0 I
X509v3 Subject Key Identifier:
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$ a4 _4 |0 [ d* P$ S X509v3 Authority Key Identifier:
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. H0 e4 Q" m. Z* \Certificate is to be certified until Feb 9 15:48:55 2013 GMT (365 days)8 l' y: Z9 j, O& v0 j
0 H; J) B8 C& D2 |3 y8 s% c4 jSign the certificate? [y/n]:y
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1 out of 1 certificate requests certified, commit? [y/n]y1 F x* R8 o4 H! e3 M( v/ D3 f
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Write out database with 1 new entries- P( v: }0 G) e9 |
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Data Base Updated0 L7 D- ?, m# a+ i
[root@ftp certs]# ll+ @% F' N/ K) c# X
[root@ftp certs]# chmod 600 *
" Q/ v1 G& M/ S6 n" t. I$ I1 D[root@ftp certs]# ll2 D% ]( h+ z! S) t$ B: t$ [
④.使ftp服务应用证书：) r. U, n; u( [7 d
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[root@ftp certs]# cd /etc/vsftpd/
) X/ Z8 N8 h" A. V- y, y+ U[root@ftp vsftpd]# vim vsftpd.conf #增加以下内容
2 @9 h" V& K+ U/ U. r6 H& v; @118 rsa_cert_file=/etc/vsftpd/certs/vsftpd.crt* z0 `2 q5 a# m$ x
" s) R$ K% ^9 C3 [& c, X- M119 rsa_private_key_file=/etc/vsftpd/certs/vsftpd.key/ O1 e2 L% }& Q8 N5 ~& D
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120 force_local_data_ssl=YES$ |0 |9 ?& \3 x
121 force_local_logins_ssl=YES
+ d" G* p. r1 L# o% x! ]122 ssl_enable=YES& \$ o) S3 }2 N$ @
123 ssl_sslv2=YES
+ @; M6 O4 q8 L) |" g% w$ c( s124 ssl_sslv3=YES& J& x- q: Y- G0 Z6 k- @
125 ssl_tlsv1=YES1 i. P" K$ z: G" d& D
[root@ftp vsftpd]# service vsftpd restart8 s; U5 }% o" U. k2 X# X
0 D/ q9 U# k5 V) U3 c* a6 D. uShutting down vsftpd: [ OK ]
: y" t# Y2 _& [% }9 G E& y* IStarting vsftpd for vsftpd: [ OK ]
" ]/ y, ~$ Y7 @! Z7 w$ v⑤客户端测试（已加密传输）：
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从上面看出证书名称出现问题，但可是可以使用！选择接收一次！: w6 p; j& @$ O5 [2 {
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该次登录抓包内容如下所示：传输已经经过加密！. }3 A( q: ]/ N5 ~5 h
[root@ftp ~]# tshark -ni eth0 -R "tcp.dstport eq 21"
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[root@ftp ~]# tshark -ni eth0 -R "tcp.dstport eq 21"! {+ a5 q9 Y: K7 y& t
+ @ Z0 }8 x6 z8 X8 I& lRunning as user "root" and group "root". This could be dangerous.
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Capturing on eth06 T% S; z8 D3 R, ^, u# x9 ?
* h3 _$ D' U2 i h- {1 p. m4 g 9.742109 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 TCP 52572 > 21 [SYN] Seq=0 Win=8192 Len=0 MSS=1460 WS=2
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9.742144 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 TCP 52572 > 21 [ACK] Seq=1 Ack=1 Win=65700 Len=0
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( x5 R/ T G! L% V1 b% m+ b 9.747458 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 FTP Request: AUTH SSL, D3 d9 q# T# h" ?4 q
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9.755605 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 FTP Request: \200\310\001\003\001\000\237\000\000\000 \000\300\024\000\300
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9.758795 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 FTP Request: \026\003\001\000\206\020\000\000\202\000\200n\257\315\204\324o; i$ X. }: w6 y6 `2 i" X( n
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9.778662 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 FTP Request: \027\003\001\000\030\215\325t\357\277\001\376FZ\243D\373\003\367\231\207Q\324\003Q}/\335\025\027\003\001\000 \f\355b\270\355\325\020[\372\302s{^\375\307\364C\307\243\251v9\370\364\260\277\253\317\321gB]
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$ S! s# U$ R9 @, U0 F1 I, Q0 D 9.779885 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 FTP Request: \027\003\001\000\030\324\000\267\312\0320\213\266y\311\025[\371\275?\254Y\257\024[\245vjM\027\003\001\000(\236\321\221Z\321Z(\316'\343.\235?\321=8\264b\270(j\336\231\210\265\207K\223A\037"\277\251\252t\252a`\3740 Y S- Z& Q' k6 _) { F- i d0 G" {
+ R/ ]' |" T# A8 ^! j 9.782153 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 FTP Request: \027\003\001\000\030\257d\313mXZT\356\2366\334q\223\017gt\371\232\207\226\325
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9.793165 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 FTP Request: \027\003\001\000\0301\020S\237\372\210\004N4\370\366\377\2213m\356\233w:\275)>@%\027\003\001\000 Y\032\275BM=3J\313\240\241\372Z\371@\335\262\252\240\235\021\345\271\305\223\211\020\340\332\323Q\251
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K1 F4 d- j7 Z8 K6 P2 b! S i 9.795630 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 FTP Request: \027\003\001\000\030\302\016=LR\272\030{\034\277V\256]\230\247\363\355M\241\327U\207k\032\027\003\001\000 OYi\216=S\322\212)\271V\016\2519w\332f\213\222S\244\275M\316\025N\302:k\312b\331
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4 z+ [. x7 P0 ~0 A" m4 z( i 9.796727 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 TCP 52572 > 21 [ACK] Seq=741 Ack=1260 Win=64440 Len=0& l6 e8 r' y, a0 C9 T
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9.797542 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 TCP 52572 > 21 [ACK] Seq=741 Ack=1334 Win=64364 Len=0* |2 r9 o/ c& V6 U7 w1 J& h
+ X0 \) a K4 {' N! G5 m' Z) S+ Z3 h 9.798327 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 TCP 52572 > 21 [ACK] Seq=741 Ack=1408 Win=64292 Len=0
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: _& z4 g1 B- m& o5 ~ 9.798775 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 TCP 52572 > 21 [ACK] Seq=741 Ack=1482 Win=65700 Len=07 E; s% o! I" S" Z7 W$ {
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9.799387 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 TCP 52572 > 21 [ACK] Seq=741 Ack=1564 Win=65616 Len=05 k. k7 Q, ^- u; t! K2 P" \6 U1 X
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9.799910 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 TCP 52572 > 21 [ACK] Seq=741 Ack=1638 Win=65544 Len=0
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9.805078 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 FTP Request: \027\003\001\000\030G}\305\210\021s\244q\023k=\345R\232A\366B\360\202\320\361(x\344\027\003\001\000 \351W\350\377\362\2756\334\303\035+1l|{\304\277\224\326n\036d\213\217\b\216\023N\225\003a\2740 D! K) ~( h) ^, a1 v+ X
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9.810763 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 FTP Request: \027\003\001\000\030\203\354F\302\253\205\212\355\334$\321=\303h\276\302\350\320.\346\223\337BG\027\003\001\000 73\027\372#\232
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0 z, J) S7 E: U# \0 y& V* F* F ` 9.813350 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 FTP Request: \027\003\001\000\030\203x`k\337RM\341w\022N\255|f\260U ?\354)A\301^\251\027\003\001\000 \031`\366\364He\030\266z)\373\265\237\261\3430\220\331\340Kv[\033\347\tXj\344\314\236\242
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0 x/ r( c" o" q7 {; n3 c 9.814073 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 FTP Request: \027\003\001\000\030\307\2126sY\a\237\034\321\277!j\320\213\235\032\277e\345\361E>|)\027\003\001\000 \256\304}:-\365\034\aD~\fk`]\314\b\207\365-\217\305\2442 |) m. b) A* ^) W
; o& R- K# r4 {; s n 9.838659 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 FTP Request: \027\003\001\000\030\300\272t&\t(\262\243\361\210\263\343\326\261\017$\317V\002\354\325\271\250\366\027\003\001\000 \350F\305\360\363\365\033\274W\207M\006\216\255\016\365\205z\033\002\032B\345,\3712\034\377\327[\272P
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9.851675 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 TCP 52572 > 21 [ACK] Seq=1071 Ack=2041 Win=65140 Len=0
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: a+ a0 k8 n3 k5 U7 y2 C 9.856073 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 FTP Request: \027\003\001\000\030\f\357\000E/\372\333\247\016\344\315\345\346\271L\327\214CE0*i\316\332\027\003\001\000(8\220\341\316.*\234dM\2350 `- M# P _. i! e1 g; a4 {
?+ t, ^; L( i) U
10.061779 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 TCP 52572 > 21 [ACK] Seq=1145 Ack=2094 Win=65088 Len=0
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6 J( A" M U8 f* o& P7 Z3 U 39.978110 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 FTP Request: \027\003\001\000\030=\032\322\022\216B\025O\016\034
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39.980672 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 TCP 52572 > 21 [FIN, ACK] Seq=1211 Ack=2139 Win=65040 Len=0. T! b; e3 p L2 M1 q/ t* w' r7 S. x
7 q# m" d2 f% H
39.980725 192.168.101.113 -> 192.168.101.210 TCP 52572 > 21 [RST, ACK] Seq=1212 Ack=2149 Win=0 Len=09 }% }7 _- C* t" w6 @# ]
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27 packets captured
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- T& Q7 R2 a2 `& a, ~9 y/ S[root@ftp ~]# |
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发表于 2013-1-22 22:31:55